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Driving Safely in Adverse Weather: Speed for Conditions

VEHICLE HANDLING: Speed For Conditions

Safe Speed for Driving in Adverse Weather Conditions

Generally, drivers should always adhere to the posted speed limits. However, there are specific conditions where extra caution is required, and drivers must adjust their speed accordingly to ensure safety. In these situations, driving at a 'safe' unspecified speed means operating the vehicle at a speed that is safe for the current conditions, even if it is below the posted speed limit.

Foggy Weather

Fog/mist:

Fog typically occurs in cold climates and significantly reduces visibility, making it extremely dangerous. Here are some essential tips for driving safely in foggy conditions:

Reduce Speed and Increase Following Distance:

  • Slow down gradually and increase your following distance to at least 6 seconds. This will give you more time to react to sudden changes on the road.
  • Avoid sudden deceleration to give the driver behind you ample time to react.

Use Appropriate Lighting:

  • Turn on your low-beam headlights, fog lights, and demisters.
  • Avoid using high-beam lights, as they reflect off the moisture in the air and can blind you.

Drive Smoothly:

  • Avoid making sudden or unpredictable moves. Smooth and gradual actions help maintain control and predictability.

Pull Over if Necessary:

  • If the fog becomes too dense to drive safely, pull over to the side of the road, well away from the traffic path. Wait for conditions to improve before continuing your journey.

By following these guidelines, you can enhance your safety and that of other road-users when driving in foggy or misty conditions.

Rainy Weather Driving

Rain:

Rain can create hazardous driving conditions, so it is essential to take the following precautions:

Slow Down and Increase Following Distance:

  • Reduce your speed and increase the distance between your vehicle and the one in front. This will give you more time to react to any sudden changes.

Avoid Large Puddles:

  • Large puddles can hide significant potholes and increase the risk of hydroplaning. Steer clear of them whenever possible.

Understand Hydroplaning:

  • Hydroplaning occurs when your car's tires lose contact with the road surface and slide across a layer of water. This can lead to a complete loss of control.
  • Tires are designed to channel water away from the tread, but if you drive too fast or have bald tires, they cannot effectively dissipate the moisture, leading to hydroplaning.

Following these guidelines can reduce the risks associated with driving in rainy conditions and ensure a safer journey.

Gravel Road

Gravel:

Gravel roads consist of loose stones and sand, making it difficult for drivers to find adequate grip. Follow these tips to navigate gravel roads safely:

Reduce Speed:

  • Slow down before entering a gravel road to maintain control and traction.

Grip the Steering Wheel Tightly:

  • Hold the steering wheel firmly, as the rough surface can cause sudden jolts and make the steering wheel jump.

Increase Following Distance:

  • Increase the distance between your vehicle and the one in front to avoid dust and small rocks lifted by other vehicles.

Adhering to these guidelines ensures a safer, more controlled driving experience on gravel roads.

Corners

Corners:

Slow Down Before the Corner:

  • Reduce your speed by taking your foot off the accelerator and braking well before you reach the corner.

Avoid Braking While Turning:

  • Do not brake while turning, as this can destabilize the vehicle. Brake before you enter the corner to ensure smooth navigation.

Approach Unknown Corners with Caution:

  • If you are unfamiliar with the road, approach corners slowly, as you cannot predict what might be around the bend.

Accelerate After the Turn:

  • You can gradually accelerate once you have cleared the corner and straightened the steering wheel.

Following these steps allows you to navigate corners safely and maintain better vehicle control.

Construction Road

Construction zones:

Slow Down:

  • Reduce your speed when entering a construction zone; this is required by law.

Follow Posted Speed Limits:

  • Adhere to the speed limit signs posted in the area. Be vigilant and look out for these signs.

Obey All Signs and Traffic Directors:

  • Follow all posted signs and obey any instructions given by traffic directors or construction workers.

Watch for Uneven or Loose Ground:

  • Be cautious of uneven or loose surfaces, such as gravel, which can affect vehicle control.

Avoid Overtaking:

  • Do not overtake other vehicles in a construction zone to ensure safety for all road-users and workers.

By adhering to these guidelines, you can navigate construction zones safely and comply with legal requirements.

Driving in Snow, Slush, and Black Ice

Driving in Snow, Slush, and Black Ice:

Driving in various winter conditions, such as snow, slush, and black ice, can be challenging and requires extra precautions to ensure safety. Here's what you need to know:

Snow:

  • Reduce Speed: Slow down to allow for longer stopping times.
  • Increase Following Distance: Maintain a greater distance between your vehicle and the one in front to account for increased stopping distances.
  • Use Snow Tires or Chains: These provide better traction on snowy roads.
  • Avoid Sudden Movements: Do not brake or accelerate suddenly, as this can cause a loss of control.
  • Avoid Stopping on Inclines: If the snow is deep, try not to stop on an incline or in the middle of the road to prevent getting stuck.

Slush:

  • Reduce Speed: Slush can reduce traction and make steering difficult.
  • Avoid Sudden Braking or Acceleration: Maintain a steady speed to prevent spinning out.
  • Drive-in Tracks: If possible, drive in the vehicle tracks in front of you where there is less slush.
  • Steady Steering: Avoid sudden movements of the steering wheel.

Black Ice:

  • Reduce Speed: Black ice can be hard to see and very slippery.
  • Avoid Sudden Movements: Sudden braking or acceleration can cause a loss of control.
  • Regain Control: Avoid slamming on the brakes if you start to slide. Instead, turn the steering wheel toward the slide to regain control.

By following these guidelines, you can navigate through snow, slush, and black ice more safely, reducing the risk of accidents and maintaining better vehicle control.

Tips to Avoid Spinning Out When Driving in Slush

Reduce Speed and Maintain a Safe Following Distance:

  • Slower speeds and increased distance between vehicles help prevent spin-outs.

Avoid Sudden Braking or Acceleration:

  • Sudden changes can cause a loss of traction. Accelerate and brake gently.

Use Gentle, Smooth Steering Movements:

  • Smooth steering helps maintain control of the vehicle.

If You Start to Slide:

  • Avoid overcorrecting or slamming on the brakes. Instead, turn the steering wheel toward the slide to regain control.

General Tips for Driving in Challenging Conditions:

Be Patient, Cautious, and Alert:

  • Always reduce speed, increase following distance, and avoid sudden movements of the steering wheel or brakes.

Understand the Risks:

  • Recognize the dangers of driving in slush and take appropriate steps to drive safely and responsibly.

By following these guidelines, drivers can help prevent accidents and promote safe driving in Ontario.

Interesting Facts From Canada National Collision Database (2016 to 2021)

An Average of 17.5% Traffic Collisions

It occurred each year from 2016 to 2021 under adverse weather conditions, including rain (8.6%), snow (6.5%), freezing rain, and sleet or hail (0.6%).

50.7% of traffic fatalities

In 2021, 50.7% of traffic fatalities resulted from multi-vehicle collisions; 49.3% of fatalities resulted from single-vehicle events.


An average of  9.1% Collisions

From 2000 through 2021, an average of 9.1% of collisions occurred each year in August, more than in any other month.

7,113 Collisions (2019)

In 2019, 7,113 collisions (6.8% of all collisions) and 85 fatal collisions (5.2% of all fatal collisions) occurred while it was snowing.

Source: (Canada National Collision Database, November 2023) (https://tests.ca/driving-statistics/)

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