Purpose:

The Perception and Risk Management module aims to introduce safe and proper observation skills.

Module Objectives:

The Perception and Risk Management module's main objective is to teach students safe and proper observation skills. This module teaches appropriate risk-management strategies, drivers' limits to perceive levels of risks, the necessity of accurate risk perceptions, common collision factors and how to reduce risks leading up to these events.

Learning Outcomes:

After successfully completing this module, students will acquire the following skills and knowledge:

• Students will learn about what and where to observe and when and how to observe
• Students will learn how to do a visual search and scanning to detect potential hazards
• Students will learn about the different types of drivers
• Students will learn about different types of driving, such as aggressive driving and street racing
• Students will learn about the consequences of dangerous driving, i.e. personal, social, legal and financial
• Students will learn about the importance of personal risk-tolerance
• Students will learn how to demonstrate appropriate risk management strategies, habits and attitudes consistently
• Students will learn how to identify accurate risk-perception
• Students will learn about the factors that affect a driver's risk-perception
• Students will learn about common collision factors and situations for beginner drivers
• Students will learn about the potential dangers of driving and effective responses
• Students will learn about hazard perception, decision-making, and judgment
• Students will learn how to use decision-making skills to drive safely
• Students will learn about the effects of the impairment on decision-making skills
• Students will learn about the role of personal motives on decision-making skills
• Students will learn about post-incident decision-making to ensure personal safety
• Students will learn about specific driving actions to minimize risk

• Perception-and-risk-management
  • Common Collision Situations
  • Potential Hazards of Driving and Effective Responses
    • Other Road-Users
    • Vehicle Conditions
    • Distractions Outside the Vehicle
    • Road Conditions
    • Driving Error Resulting in Danger to Self and to Other Road-Users
    • Weather Environmental Conditions
    • Unpredictable Driving Behaviour
    • Vehicle Malfunctions
    • Distractions Inside the Vehicle
  • Accurate Risk-Perception
    • Safe Time Margins
    • Proactive Versus Reactive Driving Action
    • Quick and Effective Reaction Times
    • Consequences of not Doing What Other Road-Users Expect
    • Expectations of Other Road-users
  • Common Collision Factors For Beginner Drivers
    • Dangerous Driving
    • Not Looking for Hazards
    • Inappropriate Risk-Taking
    • Peer Pressure
    • Inability to Recognize Hazards
    • Inappropriate Speed
    • Driver Skill
    • Risk Tolerance
    • Poor Attention Management
    • Distracted Driving
    • Risk Perception
    • Driver Experience
    • Impaired Driving
    • Hazardous Driving Conditions
    • Overconfidence
  • Dangerous Driving
    • Legal and Economic Consequences
    • Personal and Social Consequences
    • Street Racing
    • Aggressive Driving
  • Factors that Affect Driver Risk-Perception
    • Driver Experience
    • Impairment
    • Driving Environment
    • Perception of Other Drivers
    • Need for Peer Approval
    • Physical Factors
    • Mental Factors
    • Driver Age
    • Role of Self-Control
  • Effects of Impairment on Decision Making skills
  • Visual Search and Scanning to Detect Potential Hazards
    • Distinguish Hazards from Typical Occurrences
    • Detecting Potential Path Deviations
    • Hazard Detection - Video
    • Scanning Patterns Under All Conditions
  • Driving Actions to Minimize Risk
  • Different Types of Drivers
  • Post-Incident Decision-Making to Ensure Personal Safety
  • How to observe
    • Shoulder Checks
    • How to Shoulder (Head) Check When Turning & Changing Lanes - Video
    • Mirrors
    • Active Attention
    • Peripheral Vision
  • Using Decision-Making Skills to Drive Safely
    • Predict Possible Solutions
    • Prioritize Situations and Solutions
    • Evaluate Whether or not to Drive
    • Identify Consequences
    • Make Multiple Decisions Quickly
    • Make Appropriate Choices Under Pressure
    • Anticipate What Might Happen
    • Develop a Hierarchy of Responses to Various Situations and Alternative Responses
  • Role of Personal Motives on Decision Making skills
  • What and Where to Observe and When
    • Peripheral Vision
    • Blind Spots - Video
    • Limits of Observation
    • Distance Scanning
    • Visual Obstructions
    • 360 Degree Vision
    • Blind Spots
  • Personal Risk-Tolerance
    • Develop Rational Personal Risk Preferences
    • Caution Versus Risk
    • Risk-Aversion in Personal Value System
    • Judging Risk in Various Situations
    • Role of Overconfidence and Under-Confidence in Inaccurate Risk Perception
  • Hazard Perception, Decision-Making, and Judgment

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